What is a root canal?

A root canal is a dental procedure used to save a tooth that has become infected, severely decayed, or damaged deep inside the tooth. The treatment removes infected or inflamed tissue from the center of the tooth, called the pulp, helping to eliminate pain, stop the spread of infection, and preserve your natural tooth. Inside every tooth is a soft tissue known as the dental pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels. When bacteria reach this area due to a deep cavity, a cracked tooth, trauma, or extensive dental work, the pulp can become infected or inflamed. Without treatment, the infection can worsen and may lead to an abscess, bone loss, severe pain, or even tooth loss. During a root canal procedure, your dentist carefully removes the infected pulp, cleans and disinfects the root canals, and seals the inside of the tooth to help prevent future infection. In many cases, a dental crown is then placed over the tooth to restore its strength, function, and appearance. Modern root canal treatment is designed to relieve pain — not cause it. Many patients are surprised to learn that a root canal feels similar to getting a dental filling because the tooth is thoroughly numbed before treatment begins.

What actually happens during a root canal procedure?

Root canal treatment begins by numbing the area around the affected tooth to ensure patient comfort. Once the tooth is numb, a small opening is created to access the inner chamber of the tooth. The infected or damaged pulp tissue is carefully removed, and the root canals are cleaned, shaped, and disinfected. After the canals are thoroughly cleaned, they are filled with a specialized material to help prevent future infection. Finally, the tooth is sealed and typically prepared for a dental crown or permanent restoration. The goal of root canal treatment is to eliminate infection while preserving your natural tooth.

What are the warning signs that I might need a root canal?

Several symptoms may indicate that a tooth's nerve or pulp has become damaged or infected and may require root canal treatment. Common warning signs include persistent tooth pain, prolonged sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, pain when chewing, swelling around the tooth, gum tenderness, or a recurring pimple-like bump on the gums. Some patients may also notice discoloration of the tooth or increasing discomfort that seems to worsen over time. Because symptoms can vary significantly, a dental examination and X-rays are necessary to determine whether root canal treatment is needed.

Does a dark or discolored tooth mean I need a root canal?

A darkened or discolored tooth may indicate that the tooth has experienced trauma or damage to the nerve or pulp. In some cases, the discoloration may be a sign that the pulp inside the tooth has died and root canal treatment is needed. However, not every discolored tooth requires a root canal. Staining, previous dental work, and other factors can also affect tooth color. An examination and X-rays can help determine whether the discoloration is cosmetic or related to an underlying infection.

Do I need to see an endodontist for a root canal?

Not necessarily. Many routine root canal treatments can be performed by an experienced general dentist. During your evaluation, we will determine whether your tooth is appropriate for treatment in our office or whether referral to an endodontic specialist would be in your best interest.

How much pain is normal after a root canal, and how long does it last?

It is normal to experience mild soreness or sensitivity for a few days after a root canal procedure. This discomfort is typically related to inflammation around the treated tooth and surrounding tissues rather than the root canal itself. Most patients find that any post-treatment discomfort can be managed with over-the-counter pain medication and gradually improves within a few days. More complex infections may result in tenderness that lasts slightly longer. If pain becomes severe, worsens significantly, or persists beyond the expected healing period, it is important to contact your dentist for an evaluation.

Is the pain from a root canal worse than the pain of a severe toothache?

In most cases, no. The purpose of a root canal is to eliminate the source of the toothache by removing infected or inflamed pulp from inside the tooth. Many patients who undergo root canal treatment report significant relief because the severe pain caused by the infection is removed. The discomfort experienced after treatment is generally much milder than the intense pain associated with an untreated tooth infection. Root canal therapy is often the solution that allows patients to finally become comfortable again.

Can I drive home after a root canal?

If your treatment uses local anesthesia only, you can generally drive yourself home because local anesthetic does not impair alertness. Most root canal procedures at our office use local anesthesia only, so you remain fully alert throughout. If additional sedation is planned for your appointment, we will provide specific transportation instructions in advance. When in doubt, ask at your consultation and we will let you know exactly what to expect.

What can I do if I'm terrified of getting a root canal?

Dental anxiety is extremely common, especially when patients hear the words "root canal." Fortunately, modern dentistry has made root canal treatment far more comfortable than many people expect. One of the best ways to reduce anxiety is to discuss your concerns openly with your dentist. Understanding the procedure, asking questions, and learning what to expect can often help patients feel more comfortable. Many patients are surprised to discover that the pain from the infection is usually far worse than the treatment itself. At Merchant's Walk Dental, we take time to explain procedures, answer questions, and help anxious patients feel comfortable throughout their treatment experience.

Can a toothache go away on its own without a root canal?

Sometimes a toothache may temporarily improve, but this does not necessarily mean the underlying problem has resolved. In some cases, the nerve inside the tooth may die, causing pain to decrease while the infection continues to spread unnoticed. A tooth infection typically does not heal on its own. Without treatment, the infection can worsen and lead to abscess formation, bone loss, or more extensive dental treatment. If you experience a persistent toothache, it is important to schedule a dental evaluation rather than waiting for symptoms to disappear.

How do I know if my tooth is infected or just sensitive?

Tooth sensitivity and tooth infections can sometimes feel similar, but there are important differences. Sensitivity often occurs briefly when exposed to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and typically resolves quickly once the stimulus is removed. An infected tooth may cause lingering pain, throbbing discomfort, swelling, pain when chewing, sensitivity that lasts for an extended period, or signs of infection such as drainage or a bad taste in the mouth. A comprehensive dental examination and diagnostic X-rays are often necessary to determine the cause of your symptoms.

Can an antibiotic cure a tooth infection without a root canal?

Antibiotics may help reduce the spread of infection and temporarily relieve symptoms, but they generally cannot eliminate an infection that exists inside the tooth itself. Because the source of the infection remains within the tooth, root canal treatment or extraction is usually necessary to fully resolve the problem. Relying solely on antibiotics may allow the infection to return or worsen over time. Proper diagnosis is essential to determine the most effective treatment plan.

What happens if I delay or completely ignore a recommended root canal?

Delaying a recommended root canal can allow the infection to continue spreading inside and around the tooth. Over time, this may lead to worsening pain, abscess formation, bone loss, swelling, and potentially tooth loss. In many cases, delaying treatment results in more extensive and costly procedures later. Treating the problem early often provides the best opportunity to save the tooth and prevent complications.

Can a root canal save my tooth?

In many cases, yes. Root canal therapy is specifically designed to save a tooth that has become infected or severely damaged by removing the infected pulp, cleaning the canals, and sealing the tooth to prevent further infection. Whether a tooth can be saved depends on factors such as the extent of the infection, the condition of the surrounding bone, and whether the tooth structure is intact enough to support a restoration. Dr. Bishara will evaluate your tooth and give you an honest assessment of whether root canal treatment is a viable option. Patients from Marietta, Roswell, Kennesaw, Smyrna, and surrounding East Cobb communities come to Merchant's Walk Dental specifically because we perform root canals in-office — no referral, no extra appointments.

Is a root canal better than extraction?

Whenever the tooth can be saved, root canal therapy is generally the preferred option. Preserving your natural tooth maintains bite alignment, supports chewing function, and avoids the need for a replacement such as an implant or bridge. Extraction may be necessary when a tooth is too damaged to restore, but it is rarely the first choice. Replacing a missing tooth often requires additional procedures and cost over time. Your dentist will help you understand which option makes the most sense for your specific situation.

What are the symptoms of an infected tooth?

Common symptoms of a tooth infection include persistent or throbbing tooth pain, lingering sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, pain when biting or chewing, swelling of the gums or jaw, a pimple-like bump on the gum near the tooth, and a bad taste or odor in the mouth. Some patients experience a darkening of the affected tooth. In other cases, the infection may be present without obvious symptoms and is only detected on dental X-rays. If you are experiencing any of these signs, scheduling an evaluation promptly gives you the best chance of saving the tooth.

Is it better to pull the tooth or get a root canal?

Whenever possible, preserving your natural tooth is generally the preferred option. Root canal treatment allows the dentist to remove infection while maintaining the tooth's natural structure and function. Although an extraction may sometimes appear less expensive initially, replacing a missing tooth often requires additional treatment such as a dental implant, bridge, or denture. These replacement options can increase the overall cost and complexity of care. A consultation and examination can help determine whether saving the tooth is possible and which treatment option is best for your long-term oral health.

Is a root canal cheaper than an extraction?

The cost of a root canal versus a tooth extraction depends on the tooth involved, the complexity of treatment, and your dental insurance coverage. In many cases, a simple extraction may have a lower upfront cost than a root canal procedure. However, it is important to consider the long-term costs associated with replacing a missing tooth. After an extraction, patients often require additional treatment such as a dental implant, bridge, or partial denture to restore function and prevent shifting of neighboring teeth. These replacement options can significantly increase the overall cost of treatment. A root canal is designed to save your natural tooth by removing infection from inside the tooth while preserving its structure. Whenever possible, preserving a natural tooth is often the most predictable and cost-effective long-term solution.

Are there any realistic alternatives to a root canal?

The primary alternative to root canal treatment is extraction of the affected tooth. Once the pulp inside a tooth becomes severely infected or damaged, there are generally very few options for preserving the tooth without root canal therapy. The best treatment depends on factors such as the condition of the tooth, the severity of infection, and your long-term oral health goals. Your dentist can discuss all available options and their advantages and disadvantages.

How much does a root canal cost with and without dental insurance?

The cost of a root canal varies based on the tooth being treated, the complexity of the procedure, and your dental insurance benefits. Front teeth typically require less treatment than molars, which often contain multiple canals. Many dental insurance plans provide coverage for root canal treatment, although deductibles, co-pays, and annual maximums may affect out-of-pocket expenses. At Merchant's Walk Dental, our team can verify your insurance benefits and provide a personalized treatment estimate before treatment begins.

Does insurance cover a crown after a root canal?

Many dental insurance plans provide coverage for a dental crown following a root canal, particularly for back teeth that require additional protection after treatment. However, the amount covered depends on your specific plan and annual benefit limitations. After a root canal, the tooth can become more brittle and susceptible to fracture. A dental crown helps strengthen and protect the tooth while restoring its appearance and function. Because coverage varies among insurance providers and plans, our office can review your benefits and explain your estimated costs before treatment begins.

Why do I need to pay for a dental crown after the root canal is done?

A root canal removes infection from inside the tooth, but it does not strengthen the remaining tooth structure. After treatment, many teeth — especially molars and premolars — become more susceptible to cracking because a portion of the tooth's internal structure has been removed. A dental crown acts like a protective cap that covers the tooth, restoring strength, function, and appearance. Without a crown, a root canal-treated tooth may be at a greater risk of fracture, which could lead to additional treatment or even tooth loss. For many patients, the crown is just as important as the root canal itself because it helps protect the long-term success of the treatment.

Does insurance cover retreatment of a root canal?

Many dental insurance plans provide some coverage for root canal retreatment when it is considered medically necessary. However, coverage varies widely depending on the insurance provider, policy limitations, waiting periods, and frequency restrictions. Root canal retreatment may be recommended if a previously treated tooth develops a new infection or does not heal properly. Because retreatment is generally more complex than the initial procedure, insurance benefits and patient responsibility can differ from standard root canal coverage. Our team can help verify your insurance benefits, explain your coverage, and provide an estimate of any out-of-pocket costs before treatment begins.

Can a root canal be completed in one visit?

Many root canals can be completed during a single appointment, particularly when the infection is straightforward and there are no significant complications. However, some teeth may require multiple visits depending on factors such as the severity of infection, tooth anatomy, or the need for additional treatment. Your dentist will recommend the most appropriate treatment plan based on your individual needs.

How long does a root canal appointment take?

Most root canal procedures can be completed within approximately 60 to 90 minutes, although treatment time depends on the location of the tooth and the complexity of the case. Molars generally have more canals and may require additional treatment time compared to front teeth. Your dentist will evaluate your specific situation and provide a more accurate estimate before treatment begins.

How long do I have to wait to get a crown after a root canal?

The timing varies depending on the condition of the tooth and your treatment plan. In many cases, a crown is placed within a few weeks after root canal therapy. Because root canal-treated teeth can become more brittle over time, placing a crown promptly helps protect the tooth from fracture and restores normal function. Your dentist will recommend the appropriate timing based on your specific situation.

Does a root canal last a lifetime, or can it fail later on?

Many root canal-treated teeth remain healthy and functional for decades, and some can last a lifetime with proper care. Success depends on factors such as the quality of the restoration, oral hygiene habits, regular dental visits, and the overall health of the tooth. Although root canal therapy has a high success rate, it is possible for a treated tooth to develop a new infection later due to cracks, decay, or other complications. Routine dental exams help monitor treated teeth and identify problems early.

Can a root canal fail?

Root canal therapy has a high success rate, but like any dental procedure, a treated tooth can develop problems later. Several factors can contribute to a root canal not healing as expected: Reinfection can occur if bacteria re-enter the tooth through a leaking restoration, new decay, or a crack. Complex or missed anatomy — such as an extra canal that was not identified during treatment — can leave untreated tissue that becomes a source of ongoing infection. New decay or a fracture in the tooth after treatment can compromise the seal and allow bacteria back in. An inadequate restoration — for example, a temporary filling left in place too long or a crown that breaks down — can also affect long-term success. In some cases, retreatment may be possible. A previously treated tooth can sometimes be reopened, cleaned again, and resealed. Whether retreatment is appropriate depends on the condition of the tooth, the cause of the failure, and the remaining tooth structure. Complex retreatment cases may benefit from referral to an endodontic specialist. Routine dental exams are important for monitoring root canal-treated teeth and catching any issues early.

What can I safely eat after a root canal?

After a root canal, it is generally recommended to wait until the numbness wears off before eating to avoid accidentally biting your cheek or tongue. Soft foods such as yogurt, soup, eggs, smoothies, pasta, and mashed potatoes are often good choices during the initial recovery period. Patients should avoid chewing on the treated tooth until the final restoration has been completed. Following your dentist's instructions can help promote healing and protect the treated tooth.

Root Canals in Marietta, GA | Merchants Walk Dental

Q: Does a root canal hurt during the procedure?

One of the most common misconceptions about root canals is that they are painful. In reality, modern root canal treatment is designed to relieve pain, not cause it. The goal is for the tooth and surrounding area to be thoroughly numb before treatment begins. You may feel pressure or movement during the procedure, but you should not feel sharp pain. For patients whose pain is caused by an infected or inflamed pulp — the living tissue containing nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth — removing that source of infection can provide significant relief. At Merchant's Walk Dental, we understand that many patients are nervous about root canal treatment. Our goal is to provide comfortable care while helping relieve the pain caused by an infected or inflamed dental pulp.

Signs You May Need a Root Canal

Not every toothache means you need a root canal — but certain symptoms are warning signs that the nerve or pulp inside a tooth may be infected or damaged. If you're experiencing any of the following, it's worth scheduling an evaluation sooner rather than later. Catching an infection early can mean the difference between saving and losing a tooth.

Tooth Pain

Persistent or throbbing pain — especially pain that wakes you up at night or worsens when you bite down — is one of the most common signs of an infected or inflamed dental pulp.

Sensitivity

Lingering sensitivity to hot or cold that doesn't go away within a few seconds may indicate nerve or pulp damage. Normal sensitivity fades quickly; infected or inflamed pulp sensitivity lingers.

Swelling

Swelling of the gum tissue around a tooth, or swelling in the jaw or face, can indicate an abscess — a pocket of infection that requires prompt treatment.

Infection

A pimple-like bump on the gum (called a fistula or sinus tract), a bad taste in your mouth, or visible drainage near a tooth are signs of active infection that won't resolve on its own.

Some patients have no symptoms at all — an infection can be detected on X-rays before it causes noticeable pain. This is one reason routine dental exams matter.

Common warning signs at a glance:

✔Severe toothache
✔Pain when chewing
✔Lingering hot/cold sensitivity
✔Swollen gums
✔Darkened tooth
✔Dental abscess
✔Pimple on the gums

What Happens If I Wait?

Delaying treatment can allow the infection to spread further into the surrounding tissue and bone. Over time, this may increase discomfort, complicate the procedure, and reduce the chances of saving the tooth. The good news: catching it early usually means a more straightforward treatment and a faster recovery.

Schedule a Root Canal Consultation

Does a Root Canal Hurt?

This is the question we hear most often — and the honest answer is: no, not the way most people expect. The reputation root canals have for being painful is largely outdated. Modern root canal treatment is designed to relieve pain, not cause it.

The goal is for the tooth and surrounding area to be thoroughly numb before treatment begins. You may feel pressure or movement during the procedure, but you should not feel sharp pain.

For patients whose pain is caused by an infected or inflamed pulp — the living tissue containing nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth — removing that source of infection can provide significant relief. Most patients leave feeling considerably better than when they arrived.

After the procedure

Mild soreness for a few days after treatment is normal and typically manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers. This is inflammation from the healing process — not the nerve or pulp, which has been removed. It fades within a few days for most patients.

Root Canal vs. Extraction

When a tooth is severely infected, patients sometimes ask whether it's better to just pull it. It's a fair question — and the answer depends on your specific situation. When a tooth can be predictably restored and maintained, preserving the natural tooth is often the preferred option.

Root Canal

Saves your natural tooth
Maintains normal bite and chewing function
No gap — neighboring teeth stay in place
No need for implant, bridge, or denture
Natural tooth roots preserve jawbone
Often covered by dental insurance

Extraction

Tooth is permanently removed
Gap can cause neighboring teeth to shift
Bone loss at the extraction site over time
Replacement (implant, bridge, partial) adds cost
Multiple appointments often required for replacement
May be necessary if tooth cannot be saved

There are situations where extraction is the right call — if the tooth is too damaged to restore, or if the bone loss is too severe. Dr. Bishara will always give you an honest assessment of whether the tooth can be saved and what the best long-term option is for your oral health. Learn more about tooth extractions →

In many cases, a root canal is preferred because it allows patients to keep their natural tooth. Preserving natural teeth helps maintain proper chewing function and prevents neighboring teeth from shifting. However, if a tooth is severely damaged, fractured below the gumline, or has extensive bone loss, an extraction may be the better option. After an extraction, patients often consider dental implants, bridges, or dentures to replace the missing tooth.

Why Saving Your Tooth Matters

When a root canal can preserve your natural tooth, it is almost always worth considering. Natural teeth are designed to last a lifetime — and keeping them in place has real long-term benefits for your overall oral health.

Maintains bite alignment

Your natural tooth keeps neighboring and opposing teeth in their proper positions, preventing gradual shifting over time.

Preserves chewing function

A restored natural tooth functions just like it always has — no adjustment period or dietary restrictions that come with replacements.

Avoids additional tooth replacement when possible

Implants, bridges, and partial dentures are effective options, but they involve additional procedures, cost, and healing time.

Supports long-term oral health

Natural tooth roots stimulate the jawbone and help maintain the structure of your face and surrounding teeth.

Patients from East Cobb, Marietta, Smyrna, Kennesaw, and nearby communities choose root canal therapy at Merchants Walk Dental because we take the time to explain all available options — and we only recommend treatment that genuinely serves your long-term oral health.

Root Canals Don't Have to Be Scary

At Merchants Walk Dental, Dr. Bishara has extensive experience performing root canal therapy and will walk you through every step of the process. We take the time to make sure you feel informed and at ease — from your first consultation through your final restoration.

Root canal therapy is a procedure performed to preserve a tooth that has become infected or severely damaged. The term "root canal" refers to the natural canals inside the tooth that house the pulp — the living tissue containing nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth. When bacteria reach this tissue through deep decay, a crack, or trauma, the pulp can become infected or inflamed, causing pain and putting the tooth at risk.

Root Canal Step-by-Step

1
Numb and Isolate the Tooth
The tooth and surrounding area are numbed, and a dental dam helps keep the treatment area clean and dry.
2
Access the Inside of the Tooth
A small opening is made to reach the infected or inflamed pulp.
3
Clean the Root Canals
The damaged pulp is removed, and the canals are carefully cleaned and disinfected.
4
Fill and Seal the Canals
The cleaned canals are filled with a biocompatible material called gutta-percha to help prevent bacteria from returning.
5
Restore the Tooth
The tooth is sealed with a temporary or permanent restoration based on your treatment plan. Many root-canal-treated teeth, particularly back teeth, benefit from a protective crown.

This process is sometimes referred to as pulpectomy (removing the pulp), cleaning and shaping (disinfecting and preparing the canals), and obturation (sealing the canals with gutta-percha). These are the clinical terms your dentist may use — the goal is simply to remove the source of infection and seal the tooth so it can continue to function.

The Root Canal Process: Saving Your Natural Tooth — 5 steps with anatomical illustrations

Tap to enlarge

Will I need a crown after my root canal?

Many teeth treated with root canals benefit from a dental crown. Because the tooth can become more brittle after the pulp is removed, a crown helps protect it from cracking and restores full strength and function. Whether a crown is needed depends on which tooth was treated and how much natural structure remains.

Learn About Crowns

Why In-Office Matters

Most general dentists refer root canals out to an endodontist — which means a separate appointment, a new office, and more time out of your day. At Merchants Walk Dental, our experienced team handles root canal therapy right here in East Cobb, keeping your care in one convenient place for patients from Marietta, Roswell, Alpharetta, Woodstock, Kennesaw, Smyrna, and the surrounding area.

No Referral Needed for Many Cases
For cases appropriate for treatment in our office, you can avoid an additional specialist appointment and receive your care here with the team you already know.
Experienced Team
Dr. Bishara has performed root canal therapy extensively and will guide you through every step.
Your Comfort First
We use local anesthesia and take our time to ensure you are completely at ease throughout the procedure.

Root Canal Recovery: What to Expect

What happens after the procedure?

Most patients can return to normal activities the same day or the following day, although mild tenderness may last for a few days.

Mild tenderness is common for a few days.
The permanent restoration (often a crown) protects the tooth.
Good oral hygiene helps maintain long-term success.

Recovering from a root canal is typically a smooth and straightforward process. Managing your recovery properly helps ensure the tooth heals correctly and prevents damage to your temporary restoration.

What Can You Eat After a Root Canal?

While your tooth and gums are healing, stick to soft foods and avoid chewing directly on the treated side of your mouth. This protects the temporary filling from dislodging or cracking. Recommended options include:

Mashed potatoes or sweet potatoes
Yogurt, pudding, or applesauce
Smoothies and protein shakes (avoid straws — suction can irritate the area)
Scrambled eggs or tofu scrambles
Oatmeal or cream of wheat (served lukewarm)
Soups and broths (ensure they are not piping hot)
Pasta, mac and cheese, or well-cooked rice

How Long Does the Soreness Last?

It is completely normal to experience mild soreness, tenderness, or a dull ache in the jaw for three to five days following the procedure. This discomfort is caused by localized inflammation in the surrounding periodontal ligament and tissue — not the nerve or pulp, which has been removed. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen manage this temporary tenderness well. If you experience severe, throbbing pain or swelling that worsens after a few days, contact our office immediately.

Can I Go to Work After a Root Canal?

Yes — most patients return to work or school the same day or the following morning. Because the procedure uses localized numbing rather than general sedation, your cognitive functions are completely unaffected. Numbness can last for several hours, so wait until normal sensation returns before chewing to avoid biting your cheek or tongue. If your job requires extensive speaking, or if you prefer not to return while the anesthesia wears off, consider scheduling your appointment for the late afternoon. We are also happy to provide an appointment note for your office or school.

Root Canal FAQs

Have Questions?

Root Canal FAQs

A Note on Referrals

If your case involves unusually complex anatomy, a previously treated tooth that requires retreatment, or another situation better suited to specialty care, we'll explain the referral and help you understand your options.

Root Canal Cost & Insurance

The cost depends on which tooth is being treated, whether additional restorative treatment such as a crown is needed, and your dental insurance benefits. We'll explain your treatment plan and estimated costs before beginning care — no surprises.

Schedule a Consultation Learn About Insurance Coverage

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Root Canals in Marietta, GA | In-Office – East Cobb Dentist

Root Canal Therapy

Signs You May Need a Root Canal

Does a Root Canal Hurt?

Root Canal vs. Extraction

Why Saving Your Tooth Matters

Root Canals Don't Have to Be Scary

Root Canal Step-by-Step

Why In-Office Matters

Root Canal Recovery: What to Expect

What Can You Eat After a Root Canal?

How Long Does the Soreness Last?

Can I Go to Work After a Root Canal?

Root Canal FAQs

Root Canal FAQs

Root Canal Cost & Insurance